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Acetate (CH3COO-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Vinegar like smell. Acetate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added ethanol to the salt, then added drops of concentrated sulphuric acid. Evolution of fruity smell. Acetate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

CH3COOH- + H2SO4 –> HSO4– + CH3COOH

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Nitrate (NO3-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Brown colour gas evolved. Nitrate or Bromide may be present.
Added copper turnings. Brown colour intensifies. Nitrate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added fresh ferrous sulphate, nitric acid to salt. Added concentrated sulphuric acid along the walls of test tube. Brown coloured ring is formed. Nitrate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

NO3– + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ → 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O

 [Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO → [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]2+

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Iodide (I-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Violet colour gas evolved. Iodide may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution A pale yellow precipitate formed. Iodide confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ag+(aq) + I–(aq) –> AgI(s)(yellow)

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Bromide (Br-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Brown colour gas evolved. Nitrate or Bromide may be present.
Added copper turnings. No effect. Bromide may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution. A pale yellow precipitate formed. Bromide confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ag+(aq) + Br–(aq)–> AgBr(s)(yellow)

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Chloride (Cl-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Obervation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Colourless gas with pungent smell evolved. Chloride may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added few potassium dichromate crystals and concentrated sulphuric acid and heated. Passed the vapors through the test tube which contains sodium hydroxide solution. To this yellow solution, added dilute CH3COOH and lead acetate solution. Yellow coloured precipitate is formed. Chloride confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

             K2Cr2O7 + 4NaCl + 6H2SO4 ————→ 2KHSO4 + 4NaHSO3 + 2CrO2Cl2

                                                                                                                                                                   chromyl chloride

                                                                                                                                                            (orange-red vapours)

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Chromate (CrO4)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. Solution turned yellow. Chromate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added barium chloride solution. Yellow precipitate formed. Chromate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

CrO42-(aq) + 2H+(aq) –> Cr2O72-(aq)(yellow)

Ba2+(aq) + CrO42-(aq) –> BaCrO4(s)(yellow)

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Nitrite (NO2-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. Reddish brown gas with pungent smell evolved. Nitrite may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added potassium permanganate solution. Pink colour of potassium permanganate discharged. Nitrite confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

NO2– + H2SO4(aq)  –>  NO(g) + SO42- + H2O(l)

2KMnO4(Pink) + 3H2SO4  + 5KNO2 –> K2SO4(Colourless) +  2MnSO4 +5KNO3 + 3H2O 

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Sulphite (SO3)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. Gas with smell of burning sulphur evolved. Sulphite may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Add barium chloride to the salt. A white precipitate of barium sulphite formed which dissolved in excess hydrochloric acid to give a clear colourless solution. Sulphite confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ba2+(aq) + SO32-(aq) –>  BaSO3(s)

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Sulfide (S2-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. Gas with smell of rotten eggs evolved. Sulphide may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added a few drops lead(II) of ethanoate solution. Black precipitate of lead sulphide formed. Sulphide confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

MS(s) + 2H+(aq) –> M2+(aq) + H2S(g)

Pb2+(aq) + S2-(aq)–> PbS(s) 

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Carbonate (CO3)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. Gas with brisk effervescence evolved. Carbonate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Pass the above-evolved gas through lime water. Lime water turns milky. Carbonate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

CO32-(s) + 2H+(aq) –>H2O(l) + CO2(g)

CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) –> CaCO3(s)(milky) + H2O(l)

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