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- Labour law (or employment law) mediates the relationship between,
- workers (employees)
- Employers
- trade unions; and
- the government.
- Collective labour law relates to the tripartite relationship between employee, employer and union.
- Individual labour law concerns employees’ rights at work and through the contract for work.
- Employment standards are social norms (in some cases also technical standards) for the minimum socially acceptable conditions under which employees or contractors are allowed to work.
- Government agencies enforce labour law.
- Labour law arose in parallel with the Industrial Revolution as the relationship between worker and employer changed from small-scale production studios to large-scale factories
- Workers sought better conditions and the right to join (or avoid joining) a labour union
- Employers sought a more predictable, flexible and less costly workforce
- The state of labour law at any one time is therefore both the product of, and a component of struggles between various social forces
- As England was the first country to industrialise, it was also the first to face the often appalling consequences of capitalist exploitation in a totally unregulated and laissez-faire economic framework.
- Laissez-faire is an economic environment in which transactions between private parties are free from government restrictions, tariffs, and subsidies, with only enough regulations to protect property rights.
- Over the course of the late 18th and early to mid-19th century the foundation for modern labour law was slowly laid, as some of the more egregious aspects of working conditions were steadily ameliorated through legislation. This was largely achieved through the concerted pressure from social reformers.
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