Aldehyde (Organic Salt Analysis)

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AIM – To test the presence of aldehyde in the given organic compound.

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added bromine water to solution	No Effect	Compound is saturated.
	Or	Or
	Pink colour of Bromine water changed to colourless.	Compound is unsaturated.
Added drop of blue Litmus to solution.	No Effect.	Carboxylic Acid and Phenol absent.
Added a few drops 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to the solution.	Yellowish -orange precipitate formed.	Aldehyde or ketone may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added a few drops of Fehling’s solution A & B.	Formation Of red colour.	Aldehyde confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

R₃C-CR₃ + Br₂ –> No Effect

R₂C=CR₂ + Br₂–> BrR₂C-CR₂Br

R-CHO + (NO₂)₂C₆H₃NHNH₂ –> (NO₂)₂C₆H₃NHN=CRH _{(Yellowish Orange)} + H₂O

RCHO + 2Cu²⁺ + 2H₂O –> RCOOH + Cu₂O_(Red) + 4H⁺

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