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September 13, 2017September 13, 2017

Lead (II) (Pb 2+)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II)may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	Black coloured precipitate formed.	Lead(II)may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added potassium iodide to the original solution.	Yellow coloured precipitate formed.	Lead(II) confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Pb²⁺ + HCl_(aq) –> PbCl_2(l)+ 2H⁺

Pb²⁺ + KI_(aq)–> PbI_2(s)(yellow)+ 2K⁺

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September 13, 2017

Silver (Ag+)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	White coloured precipitate is formed.	Lead(II), Ag(I) may be present.
Added precipitate in hot water.	No effect.	Ag(I) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added potassium chromate to the original solution.	Brick red coloured precipitate formed.	Ag(I) confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ag⁺ + HCl_(aq) –> AgCl_(s)(white)+ H⁺

2AgCl_(s)(white)+ K₂CrO₄–> Ag₂CrO_4(s)(yellow) + 2KCl_(aq)

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September 13, 2017September 14, 2017

Lead (Pb2+)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	White coloured precipitate is formed.	Lead(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added potassium iodide.	Yellow coloured precipitate formed.	Lead(II) confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Pb²⁺_(aq)+ HCl_(aq) –> PbCl_2(White)

Pb²⁺_(aq) +2I^–_(aq) –> PbI₂_(s)(Yellow)

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September 13, 2017

Ammonium (NH4+)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	Ammonical smell.	Ammonium may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added sodium hydroxide solution to the salt.	Ammonical smelling gas evolved.	Ammonium confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

NH₄⁺_(aq) + OH^–_(aq) –> NH_3(g) + H₂O_(l)

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September 13, 2017

Phosphate (PO4)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Obervation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Nitrate, Bromide, Chloride, Acetate, absent. Sulphate or phosphate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added soda extract and diluted nitric acid and then added Ammonium Molybdate solution.	A canary yellow precipitate formed.	Phosphate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

(NH₄)₂(NO₃)+2Na₂(PO₄) –> 2(NH₄)(PO₄)+2Na₂(NO₃)

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September 13, 2017September 13, 2017

Sulphate (SO4)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Nitrate, Bromide, Chloride, Acetate, absent. Sulphate or phosphate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added barium chloride solution.	White coloured precipitate is formed.	Sulphate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ba²⁺_(aq) + SO₄^2-_(aq)==> BaSO_4(s)(white)

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September 11, 2017September 11, 2017

Oxalate (C2O42-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	Colourless gas with brisk effervescence evolved.	Oxalate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Passed the above evolved gas through lime water .	Lime water turned milky.	Oxalate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

C₂O₄^2- + H₂SO_4(aq) ==> CO(g) + CO_2(g)+ H₂O_(l)+ SO₄^2-

CO₂_(g) + Ca(OH)_2(aq) ==>CaCO_3(s)(milky) + H₂O_(l)

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September 11, 2017September 11, 2017

Acetate (CH3COO-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	Vinegar like smell.	Acetate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added ethanol to the salt, then added drops of concentrated sulphuric acid.	Evolution of fruity smell.	Acetate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

CH₃COOH- + H₂SO₄–> HSO₄– + CH₃COOH

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September 11, 2017

Nitrate (NO3-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt.	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	Brown colour gas evolved.	Nitrate or Bromide may be present.
Added copper turnings.	Brown colour intensifies.	Nitrate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added fresh ferrous sulphate, nitric acid to salt. Added concentrated sulphuric acid along the walls of test tube.	Brown coloured ring is formed.	Nitrate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

NO₃^– + 3Fe²⁺ + 4H⁺ → 3Fe³⁺ + NO + 2H₂O

[Fe(H₂O)₆]²⁺ + NO → [Fe(H₂O)₅(NO)]²⁺

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September 11, 2017September 11, 2017

Iodide (I-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt	No effect.	Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt.	Violet colour gas evolved.	Iodide may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution	A pale yellow precipitate formed.	Iodide confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ag⁺_(aq) + I^–_(aq) –> AgI_(s)(yellow)

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