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Floral Dissection

Aim: Study and discuss the given flowering plants and give its floral formula

Requirement: Flower, Forceps, Blade, Slides, Cover Slip, Microscope, Tape

LILIUM CANDIDUM

Kingdom: Plantae

Division: Anglospervae

Class: Monocot

Family: Liliaceae

Genus: lilium

Species: Candidum

Overay: Trilocular

Root: Advertitious Root

Stem: Herbaceous, erect

Tepals: 6 in number

Infloresnce: Racenose or umbel

Flower: Bracteate, bisoual, actionopic

Floral Formula

Br ⊕♀P3+3 A3 G(3)

floral dissection

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Carbohydrate Test

AIM: To test the presence of carbohydrate in the given food sample.

 PROCEDURE:

S. No. Exepriment Observation Inference
1

CONC H2SO4 TEST

Food sample + concentrated H2SO4. Heat

 Charring occurs with the smell of burnt sugar Carbohydrate present.
OR
2

MOLISCH’S TEST

Food sample + Molisch’sreagent (1% alcoholic solution of α naphthol) + concentrated H2SO4along the sides of the test tube.

  A purple ring is obtained at the junction of the two layers.  Carbohydrate present.
OR
3

BENEDICT’S / FEHLING’S TEST

Food sample + Benedict’s reagent/ Fehling’s reagent (A mixture of equal amounts of Fehling’s A and Fehling’s B). Heat.

  A red ppt. is obtained.  Carbohydrate present.
OR
4

TOLLEN’S TEST

Food sample + Tollen’s reagent (ammonium silver nitrate solution). Heat on the water bath.

  A silver mirror appears on the walls of the test tube.  Carbohydrate present.

EQUATIONS: (ON BLANK SIDE USING A PENCIL)

 1. CHO(CHOH)4CH2OH (Glucose) + 2Cu2+ + 5OH–     →  COOH(CHOH)4CH2OH(Gluconic acid)   + Cu2O + 3H2O  

2.  CHO(CHOH)4CH2OH(Glucose) + 2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + 3OH–  →   COOH(CHOH)4CH2OH(Gluconic acid)  + 4NH3   + 2H2O + 2Ag                                                                                         

RESULT: : (ON RULED SIDE )  – The food sample has been tested for carbohydrate.

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Oxalate (C2O42-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Colourless gas with brisk effervescence evolved. Oxalate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Passed the above evolved gas through lime water . Lime water turned milky. Oxalate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

C2O42-  + H2SO4(aq) ==> CO(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) + SO42-

CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) ==>CaCO3(s)(milky) + H2O(l)

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Nitrate (NO3-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt. No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Brown colour gas evolved. Nitrate or Bromide may be present.
Added copper turnings. Brown colour intensifies. Nitrate may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added fresh ferrous sulphate, nitric acid to salt. Added concentrated sulphuric acid along the walls of test tube. Brown coloured ring is formed. Nitrate confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

NO3– + 3Fe2+ + 4H+ → 3Fe3+ + NO + 2H2O

 [Fe(H2O)6]2+ + NO → [Fe(H2O)5(NO)]2+

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Iodide (I-)

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute sulphuric acid to given salt No effect. Carbonate, sulphide , sulphite, nitrate absent.
Added concentrated sulphuric acid to given salt. Violet colour gas evolved. Iodide may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment Observation Inference
Added dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution A pale yellow precipitate formed. Iodide confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ag+(aq) + I–(aq) –> AgI(s)(yellow)

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