Month: September 2017

A complete Index of all the various kind of salt analysis experiments:-

• Organic Salts
  • Alcohol (–OH)
  • Aldehyde (−CHO)
  • Amine (−NH₂ )
  • Carboxylic Acid (–COOH)
  • Ketone (C(=O)R)
  • Phenol (C₆H₆O)

• Inorganic Salt
  • Acidic Radical
    • Group A:-  CO₃^2-, S^2-, SO₃^2–, NO₂^–, CrO₄^2-
    • Group B:- Cl^–, Br^–, I^–, NO₃^–, CH₃COO^–, C₂O₄^2-
    • Group C:- SO₄^2–, PO₄^3- 
  • Basic Radical
    • Group 0:- NH₄⁺
    • Group 1:- Pb²⁺ , Ag⁺
    • Group 2:- Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, As⁺
    • Group 3:- Fe³⁺, Al³⁺
    • Group 4:- Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺
    • Group 5:- Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Sr²⁺
    • Group 6:- Mg²⁺

Append following Result to each experiment:-

Result:- The given salt contains ________ as acidic radical and ________ as basic radical.

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II) may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	No Effect.	Zn (II) ,Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) absent.
Added ammonium carbonate to above solution.	No Effect.	Mg (II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added ammonium chloride, ammonium hydroxide and disodium hydrogen phosphate to the original solution.	White precipitate is formed.	Mg(II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Mg²⁺  + HPO₄^2-_(aq) + NH₄⁺(aq) –> Mg(NH₄)PO_4(white)  + H⁺

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II) may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II),  Cu(II) ,  As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) , Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above-formed solution.	No Effect.	Zn (II) , Mn(II),  Ni(II),  Co(II) absent.
Added ammonium carbonate to above solution.	White precipitate is formed.	Ba(II), Sr(II), Ca(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved precipitate in acetic acid and boiled it. Added few drops of ammonium sulphate to above solution and then added ammonium hydroxide.	White precipitate is formed.	Sr(II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Sr²⁺ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ (aq) –> SrCO_3(s)(white) + 2NH₄⁺_(aq)

SrCO₃(s) + 2CH₃COOH (aq)  –> (CH₃COO)₂Sr + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Sr²⁺_(aq) + (NH₄)₂SO_4(aq) –> SrSO_4(s)(white)  +  2NH₄⁺_(aq)

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II) may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	No Effect.	Zn (II) ,Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) absent.
Added ammonium carbonate to above solution.	White precipitate is formed.	Ba(II), Sr(II), Ca(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved precipitate in acetic acid and boiled it. Added few drops of potassium chromate to above solution.	Yellow precipitate is formed.	Ba (II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ba²⁺ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ (aq) –> BaCO_3(s)(white) + 2NH₄⁺(aq)

BaCO₃(s) + 2CH₃COOH (aq)  –> (CH₃COO)₂Ba + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Ba²⁺_(aq) + K₂CrO_4(aq) –> BaCrO_4(s)(yellow)  + 2K⁺

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II)may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	No Effect.	Zn (II) ,Mn(II), Ni(II), Co(II) absent.
Added ammonium carbonate to above solution.	White precipitate is formed.	Ba(II), Sr(II), Ca(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved precipitate in acetic acid and boiled it. Added few drops of ammonium oxalate to above solution and then added ammonium hydroxide.	White precipitate is formed.	Ca(II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ca²⁺ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ (aq) –> CaCO_3(s)(white) + 2NH₄⁺_(aq)

CaCO₃(s) + 2CH₃COOH (aq)  –> (CH₃COO)₂Ca + CO₂(g) + H₂O(l)

Ca²⁺_(aq) + (NH₄)₂C₂O_4(aq) –> CaC₂O_4(s)(white)  +  2NH₄⁺_(aq)

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II)may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	Black coloured precipitate formed.	Co(II) or Ni(II) may be present.
Dissolved the precipitate in aqua regia.Evaporated residue.	Blue coloured residue remained.	Co(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved the blue residue in water.Added ammonium sulphocyanide to it.	Blue coloured layer floated on the surface .	Co(II) confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Co²⁺ + H₂S_(aq) –> CoS_(s)(black) + 2H⁺

CoS_(s)(black) + 2HCl(aq) + [O]  –> CoCl_2(aq) + H₂O_(l) + S

Co²⁺ + 4KCNS –> K₂[Co(CNS)₄]_{(blue colouration)} + 2K⁺

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II) may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	Black coloured precipitate formed.	Co(II) or Ni(II) may be present.
Dissolved the precipitate in aqua regia.Evaporated residue.	Yellow coloured residue remained.	Ni(II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved the yellow residue in water. Added ammonium hydroxide till alkaline then added dimethylglyxoglime solution.	Bright red precipitate formed.	Ni(II) confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Ni ²⁺ + H₂S_(aq) –> NiS_(s)(black) + 2H⁺

NiS_(s)(black) + 2HCl(aq) + [O]  –> NiCl_2(aq) + H₂O_(l) + S

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II)may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above-formed solution.	Flesh(buff) coloured precipitate formed.	Mn (II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Added lead dioxide to above solution, then added concentrated nitric acid. Boiled it.	Pink Colouration formed.	Mn (II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Mn ²⁺ + H₂S_(aq) –> MnS_(s)(Flesh) + 2H⁺

MnS_(aq) + 2HCl_(aq) –> MnCl₂ + 2H⁺ + S^2-

2Mn ²⁺ + 4H⁺ + 5PbO_2(s)  –> 2MnO₄^–_(aq) + 5Pb²⁺_(aq) + 2H₂O_(aq)

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II)may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid, and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	No Effect.	Al(III) ,Fe(III) absent.
Passed Hydrogen disulphide gas through the above formed solution.	White coloured precipitate formed.	Zn (II) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved the precipitate in concentrated hydrochloric acid and boiled it.Added potassium ferrocyanide to it.	Bluish white coloured precipitate formed.	Zn (II) Confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Zn ²⁺ + H₂S_(aq) –> ZnS_(s)(White) + 2H⁺

ZnS_(aq) + 2HCl_(aq) –> ZnCl₂ + 2H⁺ + S^2-

2Zn ²⁺ + K₄[Fe(CN)₆]  –> Zn₂[Fe(CN)₆]_{(Bluish White)} + 4K⁺

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.

AIM: – To identify the given inorganic compound for its acidic and basic radical.

APPARATUS:- Chemical Reagent, Test Tube, Test Tube holder, Spatula

PROCEDURE:-

Preliminary Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Smelled the salt.	No Ammonical smell.	Ammonium absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Lead(II) may be present.
Added hydrogen disulphide, hydrochloric acid to the original solution.	No Effect.	Pb(II), Cu(II) , As(III) absent.
Added dilute hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and boiled solution. Then cooled it and added solid ammonium hydroxide.	Gelatinous white precipitate formed.	Al(III) may be present.

Confirmatory Test:-

Experiment	Observation	Inference
Dissolved the precipitate formed with hydrochloric acid and added drops of blue litmus. Then added ammonium hydroxide till alkaline.	Blue coloured precipitate floated on the surface .	Al(III)  confirmed.

Chemical Equations:-

Ionic equation:-

Al³⁺_(aq) + 3OH^–_(aq) –> Al(OH)_{3(s)(white)(adsorb blue colour)}

 Al³⁺_(aq) + 3HCl_(l) –> AlCl_3(aq) + 3H₂O_(aq)

You can also get Class XII Practicals on Biology, Physics, Chemistry, and Physical Education.